Type of Unintended Effect: Environmental (Animals)

coho_salmon_003: Coho salmon engineered for transgenic expression of growth hormone were more aggressive predators in simulated natural environments.

Type of Unintended Effect: Environmental (Plants)

bentgrass_001: Spread of herbicide-resistance from genetically modified creeping bentgrass into the wild.

canola_002: Experimental crosspollination between transgenic herbicide-resistant canola and wild field mustard led to highly fertile, herbicide-resistant wild field mustard.

canola_003: Transgenes that have escaped from glyphosate-resistant canola can persist in the wild.

canola_004: Conventional, certified canola seedlots were contaminated with genetically engineered seeds.

canola_005: Herbicide-resistant canola volunteers still detected after ten years of stringent control.

canola_006: Fewer wild bees were observed in glyphosate-resistant canola fields.

cotton_001: Bt cotton showed decreased ability to kill cotton bollworm larvae during flower development and flowering.

cotton_002: Bt cotton had altered protein metabolism and produced less insecticidal toxin in leaves when subjected to high temperatures during boll formation.

cotton_003: Increased resistance to Bt toxin is found in some populations of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea).

cotton_006: Cotton plants and seeds expressing Bt toxin were found in non-Bt refuges.

maize_003: Monarch butterfly larvae exposed to anthers from Bt maize ate less and gained less weight.

maize_004: Byproducts from Bt maize enter streams, and in feeding experiments affected stream insects.

maize_006: Bt maize had changed lipid composition in stems; also, lipid composition in soil was altered, and soil respiration was reduced.

maize_007: Western corn rootworms were found feeding on volunteer corn plants expressing a Bt toxin specific to that pest.

rice_001: Genes escaped from cultivated GM rice to its weedy and wild relatives.

root nodule bacteria_001: Root nodule bacteria with Bt transgene tended to displace non-manipulated bacteria in legume root nodules.

soybean_001: Herbicide-resistant soybean plants were shorter, with less chlorophyll, lower weight, and increased susceptibility to stem-splitting at high temperatures.

sugarbeet_001: Glyphosate-resistant sugar beet production alters population densities of some arthropods, significantly reducing the number of bees and butterflies in beet fields.

sugarcane_001: Lectin transgene for stemborer resistance alters growth of sugarcane.

sunflower_001: Wild sunflowers with transgene for Bt toxin produced more seeds than normal wild sunflowers.

weed resistance_001: Increased planting of glyphosate-resistant crops and application of glyphosate causes increase in glyphosate-resistant weed species.