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Unintended Effects of Genetic Manipulation


Titles of Most Recently Added Reports


(Added December 31, 2009)

atlantic_salmon_001: Atlantic salmon expressing transgenic growth hormone experienced numerous changes to their cardiorespiratory system.

coho_salmon_001: Transgenic expression of growth hormone in coho salmon led to a narrower body, more red muscle mass, and smaller white muscle fibers.

coho_salmon_002: Transgenic coho salmon expressing growth hormone had enlarged heads, reduced viability, and accelerated development of their life cycle.

coho_salmon_003: Coho salmon engineered for transgenic expression of growth hormone were more aggressive predators in simulated natural environments.

cotton_007: Insect-resistant, transgenic cotton was more susceptible to fungal disease than its parent line.

goat_001: Transgenic goats engineered to secrete the human protein cholinesterase into their milk produced less milk, with lower fat and lactose levels and unusually high white blood cell counts.

pig_001: Transgenic pigs expressing bovine growth hormone had lower appetites, enlarged organs, gastric ulcers, and other health problems.

pig_002: Sheep growth hormone expression was highly variable in transgenic pigs, whose bodies had more protein and water and less fat.

pig_003: Transgenic pigs with elevated levels of growth hormone were infertile, pre-diabetic, and experienced joint problems.

pig_004: Transgenic expression of a mouse milk protein impaired mammary development and function in pigs.

sheep_001: Transgenic expression of sheep growth hormone in sheep increased the incidence of reproductive problems and premature death.

sheep_002: Transgenic sheep had unusually high morbidity and expressed a milk-specific protein in their spleen, liver, and other organs.

tilapia_001: Tilapia fish engineered for transgenic expression of growth hormone had deformed heads and backs, atrophied gonads, and lower mineral content.


(Added October 9, 2009)

arabidopsis_005: Unintended changes in gene expression were observed in Arabidopsis plants engineered for resistance to the herbicide glufosinate.

barley_002: Transgenic barley plants over-expressing a zinc transport protein had smaller seeds and did not accumulate more zinc when grown in zinc-deficient soil.

barley_003: Difficulties were encountered when trying to express human collagen in barley.

barley_004: A group of transgenic barley plants expressing the bar selectable marker gene did not produce viable offspring.

birch_001: Transgenic birch trees expressing an antifungal enzyme from sugarbeets showed increased susceptibility to leaf spot disease in the field.

canola_006: Fewer wild bees were observed in glyphosate-resistant canola fields.

cotton_006: Cotton plants and seeds expressing Bt toxin were found in non-Bt refuges.

maize_007: Western corn rootworms were found feeding on volunteer corn plants expressing a Bt toxin specific to that pest.

maize_008: The transgenic sequences of some Bt maize plants have changed since they were approved.

rice_002: Bt rice showed signs of dwarfism and other abnormalities.

rice_003: Transgenic expression of a disease-resistance gene activated the oxidative-stress response in rice.

tobacco_002: Discoloration and DNA rearrangements were observed in transgenic tobacco plants expressing HIV proteins.


(Added May 29, 2009)

canola_004: Conventional, certified canola seedlots were contaminated with genetically engineered seeds.

canola_005: Herbicide-resistant canola volunteers were still detected after ten years of stringent control.

cotton_005: Fruiting morphology was altered when glyphosate-resistant cotton was sprayed with glyphosate.

soybean_005: Glyphosate-resistant soybeans have altered root nodules when sprayed with glyphosate.

soybean_006: Transgenic DNA from glyphosate-resistant soybeans was detected in the intestinal flora of humans.


(Added May 5, 2009)

alfalfa_002: Plant height and flowering were altered in alfalfa genetically engineered to reduce lignin content.

cotton_003: Increased resistance to Bt toxin is found in some populations of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa zea).

cotton_004: Glyphosate-resistant cotton showed abnormal reproductive development when sprayed with glyphosate.

pea_001: Peas engineered to be weevil-resistant elicited immune reactions in mice.

pea_002: Peas engineered to be weevil-resistant had lowered starch digestibility when fed to chickens and pigs.

soybean_003: Glyphosate-resistant soybeans had lower yields.

soybean_004: Root colonization of glyphosate-resistant soybeans by pathogenic Fusarium fungi increased with glyphosate application.

sugarbeet_001: Glyphosate-resistant sugar beet production alters population densities of some arthropods, significantly reducing the number of bees and butterflies in beet fields.

sugarbeet_002: Glyphosate-resistant sugar beets became more susceptible to root rot when sprayed with glyphosate.

sugarcane_002: Sugarcane engineered to reduce polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity had greater PPO activity, even without the transgene.


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